Since its inception as the Harriet Lane Home for Invalid Children nearly a century ago, Hopkins Children’s has been a world leader in developing and delivering cures and groundbreaking treatments to ill and injured children around the globe. Meet some of the luminaries who have helped us to offer generations of children their futures and to revolutionize the practice of pediatric medicine.
Harriet Lane and Henry Johnston: Pediatric Medicine is Born of Grief
Baltimore banker Henry Johnston and his wife Harriet Lane bequeathed their estate to Johns Hopkins at the end of the 19th century to 
establish a curative home for ill children and advance the study of pediatric disease. Their own two sons had died in childhood from rheumatic fever. When the new Harriet Lane Home for Invalid Children opened at Hopkins in 1912, it was a model of its time. The Home not only featured electricity and isolation wings for children with infectious disease, but incorporated laboratories in which to discover treatments for the era’s greatest pediatric scourges, such as rheumatic fever, polio and rickets. The Johnstons’ generous donation merged with Johns Hopkins Medical School’s initiative to create a center for children’s care that would propel the practice of pediatric medicine from relative medical obscurity into a prominent light.
John Howland: Moving Cures from the Lab to the Bedside
In 1912, Johns Hopkins Hospital 
appointed John Howland, M.D., as chairman of its newly opened Harriet Lane Home for Invalid Children, Hopkins Children’s predecessor. Howland focused efforts on broadening the scope of pediatric medicine by applying quantitative analysis and chemical techniques to the discovery of causes and cures for children’s diseases. Howland contributed to the study of Rickets, where he proved the effectiveness of cod liver oil as a preventative measure.
Edwards A. Park: Pioneering Comprehensive Pediatrics
Pediatrician Edwards A. Park, M.D., was the third director of the Harriet Lane Home, 1927-1946, and John 
Howland’s successor. As pediatrician-in-chief at Johns Hopkins Hospital, he pioneered a holistic approach to the medical care of children, combining it with intense research, training and community outreach. Current pediatric departments at Hopkins are still structured in ways Park pioneered. A scientist as well, he is credited with the discovery of Vitamin D in preventing Rickets.
Leo Kanner: Father of Child Psychiatry
Leo Kanner,
M.D., is widely considered as the of the founders of child psychiatry as a specialty. An early advocate of psychiatric care for children, Kanner was appointed to head Johns Hopkins’ Behavior Clinic in 1931, where he worked to clarify common childhood behavioral issues for both his colleagues and the general public. He not only increased awareness for early infantile autism (Kanner Syndrome), but he also documented the exploitation of individuals with mental retardation. His textbook, Child Psychiatry, published in 1935, was the first English language textbook to focus on the psychiatric problems of children.
Helen Taussig: Restoring Life to Blue Babies
Following a rejection from Harvard Medical School due to gender discrimination, Taussig, M.D., was appointed director of the Harri
et Lane Home’s Cardiac Clinic. Although best known for helping develop the Blalock-Taussig “Blue Baby” reparative surgical procedure for tetralogy of Fallot, Taussig’s interests varied from the study and treatment of rheumatic fever to the dangers of thalidomide, a widely used drug at the time. Having achieved national recognition as a pediatric cardiologist, she became the first woman and the first pediatrician to serve as president of the American Heart Association.
Alfred Blalock: Heart Surgery for Children Becomes a Reality
In 1941, at the suggestion of Johns Hopkins pediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig, surgeon Alfred Blalock and his associate Vivian Thomas de
veloped the first “Blue Baby” operation, demonstrating that heart surgery was possible in children. The technique would save thousands of young lives. Blalock became chief of the Department of Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital and established pediatric cardiovascular surgery as a departmental specialty.
Vivien Thomas: “Something the Lord Made”
A long-time technician for Johns Hopkins surgeon Alfred Blalock, M.D., Vivien Thomas proved essential
to the development of the Blalock-Taussig “Blue Baby” operation, helping to save the lives of countless children with congenital heart defects. Thomas facilitated ideas and constructed surgical tools as a surgical assistant to Blalock, who would first perform the revolutionary surgery in 1941. In 1976, the Johns Hopkins University presented Thomas with a doctor of laws degree. A modern TV movie, “Something the Lord Made,” tells the story of Thomas’ distinguished career and the surgery that would place him and his colleagues in the annals of medicine.
Janet Hardy: Mapping the Effects of Environment
In 1946
, Janet Hardy, M.D., became the first pediatrician to direct the newborn nursery at Johns Hopkins, eventually heading both the premature nursery and a long-term study on tuberculosis. In an era of limited awareness regarding infants, she formulated an intensive program of care for premature babies. Her extensive sociological studies of urban families helped established public programs for the economically disenfranchised and inspired further investigation into the effects of environment on children’s health.
Barton Childs: Genetics and Human Disease
An acclaimed teacher and role model at the Harriet Lane Home and Hopkins Children’s (its predecessor) 
Barton Childs, M.D., is nationally renowned as an early champion of the crucial role genetics plays in human disease. He is credited with helping establish the study of medical genetics as part of the general curriculum in American medical schools. His visionary text, Genetic Medicine: A Logic of Disease, was published in 1999.
Benjamin S. Carson, M.D.: Recipient of a Lincoln Medal
In a ceremony at the White House in February 2008 pediatric neurosurgeon Benjamin S. Carson received a Ford's Theatre Linc
oln Medal, presented by President and Mrs. George W. Bush. The medal, given annually to individuals who through their body of work, accomplishments or attributes exemplify the legacy and character embodied by President Abraham Lincoln, recognized the extraordinary medical accomplishments and personal history of Hopkins Children’s director of pediatric neurosurgery since 1984. Carson is best known for his surgical separation of multiple sets of conjoined twins and his hemispherectomy surgeries, in which a portion of the brain is removed to help stem intractable seizures. In four best-selling books, Dr. Carson has chronicled his life, from a childhood in a low-income household in Detroit to his work as a surgeon, businessman and inspirational speaker on the power of grit, hard work, personal responsibility and an education.